''Leucopogon'' is a genus of about 150-160 species of shrubs or small trees in the family

Ericaceae The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c.4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it th ...

, in the section of that family formerly treated as the separate family Epacridaceae. They are native to Australia, New Zealand,

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, the western Pacific Islands and Malaysia, with the greatest species diversity in southeastern Australia. Plants in this genus have leaves with a few more or less parallel veins, and tube-shaped flowers usually with a white beard inside.

Description

Plants in the genus ''Leucopogon'' range from prostrate shrubs to small trees. The leaves are arranged alternately and usually have about three, more or less parallel veins visible on the lower surface. The flowers are arranged in leaf

axil A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, st ...

s or on the ends of branchlets either singly or in spikes of a few to many flowers. There is a single egg-shaped to circular

bract In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of ...

and a pair of similar

bracteoles In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or o ...

at the base of each flower immediately below the five

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...

s. The sepals are similar to the bracts but larger. The petals are fused to form a tube with the five petal tips rolled back or spreading, usually with a beard of white hairs inside. The

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

s are attached to the tube near its tip and have a short filament and the tip of the

style Style is a manner of doing or presenting things and may refer to: * Architectural style, the features that make a building or structure historically identifiable * Design, the process of creating something * Fashion, a prevailing mode of clothing ...

is thin. The fruit is a

drupe In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the ''pit'', ''stone'', or '' pyrena'') of hardened endocarp with a seed (''kernel'') ...

Taxonomy and naming

The genus ''Leucopogon'' was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown in his ''

Prodromus A prodromus ('forerunner' or 'precursor') aka prodrome is a term used in the natural sciences to describe a preliminary publication intended as the basis for a later, more comprehensive work. It is also a medical term used for a premonitory sympt ...

''. In 2005, following

cladistic analysis Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived chara ...

, in a paper published in ''

Australian Systematic Botany ''Australian Systematic Botany'' is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal published by CSIRO Publishing. It is devoted to publishing original research, and sometimes review articles, on topics related to systematic botany, such as bio ...

'',

Christopher John Quinn Christopher is the English version of a Europe-wide name derived from the Greek name Χριστόφορος (''Christophoros'' or '' Christoforos''). The constituent parts are Χριστός (''Christós''), "Christ" or "Anointed", and φέρει� ...

and others transferred some species previously known as species of ''Leucopogon'' to other genera, including ''Androstoma'' Hook.f.'', ''Acrotriche'' R.Br.'', ''Acrothamnus'' Quinn and ''Agiortia'' Quinn. These species include the former ''L. colensoi'', ''L. milliganii'', ''L. maccraei'', ''L. montanus''. These, and other changes proposed have been accepted by the

Australian Plant Census The Australian Plant Census (APC) provides an online interface to currently accepted, published, scientific names of the vascular flora of Australia, as one of the output interfaces of the national government Integrated Biodiversity Information Syst ...

("APC") but not the change of ''L. melaleucoides'' to ''Acrothamnus melaleucoides''. Further molecular phylogenetic analysis of '' Styphelia'' and related genera by Crayn and others in 2018 have led to further proposed changes, not yet assessed by the APC as at April 2020. These changes include moving 75 species of ''Leucopogon'' to ''Styphelia''. The genus name, ''Leucopogon'' is derived from

ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...

words meaning "white" and "beard", referring to the petal tube.Les Robinson - Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney, page 108

Species list

The following is a list of species accepted by the

as at April 2020 and by the

New Zealand Plant Conservation Network The New Zealand Plant Conservation Network (NZPCN) is a non-governmental organisation devoted to the protection and restoration of New Zealand's indigenous plant life, including vascular plants, mosses, liverworts, hornworts and lichens. Descr ...

for species occurring in New Zealand. There is a proposal to move the species marked with an asterisk to the genus '' Styphelia''. *'' Leucopogon acicularis''

Benth. George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...

(WA) *'' Leucopogon acuminatus'' R.Br. (NT) * *'' Leucopogon affinis'' R.Br. – lance beard-heath (SA, Qld, NSW, Vic, Tas) *'' Leucopogon allittii''

F.Muell. Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (german: Müller; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Vic ...

(WA) * *'' Leucopogon alternifolius'' R.Br. (WA) *'' Leucopogon altissimus'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon amplectens'' Ostenf. (WA) *'' Leucopogon amplexicaulis'' – beard heath ( Rudge) R.Br. (NSW) *'' Leucopogon apiculatus'' R.Br. (WA) *'' Leucopogon appressus'' R.Br. (NSW) * *'' Leucopogon assimilis'' R.Br. (WA) *'' Leucopogon atherolepis'' Stschegl. (WA) *'' Leucopogon attenuatus''

A.Cunn. Allan Cunningham (13 July 1791 – 27 June 1839) was an English botanist and explorer, primarily known for his travels in Australia to collect plants. Early life Cunningham was born in Wimbledon, Surrey, England, the son of Allan Cu ...

– grey beard-heath (Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic) * *'' Leucopogon audax'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon australis'' R.Br. – spiked beard-heath (WA, Vic, Tas) *'' Leucopogon biflorus'' R.Br. (Qld, NSW) * *'' Leucopogon blakei'' Pedley (Qld) * *'' Leucopogon blepharolepis'' F.Muell. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon borealis'' Hislop & A.R.Chapm. (WA) *'' Leucopogon bossiaea'' (F.Muell.)

(WA) *'' Leucopogon bracteolaris'' Benth. (WA) *'' Leucopogon brevicuspis'' Benth. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon breviflorus'' F.Muell. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon canaliculatus'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon capitellatus''

DC. Augustin Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (, , ; 4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a herbarium. Within a couple of years de Candolle ...

(WA) *'' Leucopogon carinatus'' R.Br. (WA) *'' Leucopogon cinereus''

E.Pritz. Ernst Georg Pritzel (15 May 1875 – 6 April 1946) was a German botanist. He is known for his research in the fields of phytogeography and taxonomy. He contributed works on Lycopodiaceae, Psilotaceae and Pittosporaceae to Engler & Prantl’s "Di ...

(WA) *'' Leucopogon clelandii'' Cheel (SA, Vic) * *'' Leucopogon cochlearifolius'' Strid (WA) *'' Leucopogon collinus'' ( Labill.) R.Br. – fringed beard-heath (NSW, Vic, Tas) *''

Leucopogon compactus ''Leucopogon compactus'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with oblong leaves and dense clusters of white, tube-shaped flowers. Description ''Le ...

'' Stschegl. (WA) *'' Leucopogon conchifolius'' Strid (WA) * *'' Leucopogon concinnus'' Benth. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon concurvus'' F.Muell. (SA) *'' Leucopogon confertus'' Benth. (NSW) * *'' Leucopogon conostephioides'' DC. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon cordatus''

Sond. Otto Wilhelm Sonder (18 June 1812, Bad Oldesloe – 21 November 1881) was a German botanist and pharmacist. Life A native of Holstein, Sonder studied at Kiel University, where he sat pharmaceutical examinations in 1835, before becoming the prop ...

(WA) *'' Leucopogon cordifolius''

Lindl. John Lindley FRS (5 February 1799 – 1 November 1865) was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist. Early years Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley ...

(WA, SA, Vic) * *'' Leucopogon corymbiformis'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon corynocarpus''

(WA) * *'' Leucopogon costatus'' (F.Muell.) J.M.Black (SA, Vic) *'' Leucopogon crassiflorus'' (F.Muell.) Benth. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon crassifolius'' Sond. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon cryptanthus'' Benth. (WA) *'' Leucopogon cucullatus'' R.Br. (WA) *'' Leucopogon cuneifolius'' Stschegl. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon cuspidatus'' R.Br. (Qld) * *'' Leucopogon cymbiformis'' (A.Cunn.) ex DC. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon darlingensis'' Hislop (WA) **''Leucopogon darlingensis'' Hislop subsp. ''darlingensis'' (WA) **''Leucopogon darlingensis'' subsp. ''rectus'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon decrescens'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon decussatus'' Stschegl. (WA) *'' Leucopogon deformis'' R.Br. (Qld, NSW) * *'' Leucopogon denticulatus'' W.Fitzg. (WA) *'' Leucopogon dielsianus'' E.Pritz. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon distans'' R.Br. (WA) *'' Leucopogon diversifolius'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon elatior'' Sond. (WA) *'' Leucopogon elegans'' Sond. (WA) **''Leucopogon elegans'' Sond. var. ''elegans'' **''Leucopogon elegans'' subsp. ''psorophyllus'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon ericoides'' (

Sm. __NOTOC__ Sir James Edward Smith (2 December 1759 – 17 March 1828) was an English botanist and founder of the Linnean Society. Early life and education Smith was born in Norwich in 1759, the son of a wealthy wool merchant. He displayed a ...

) R.Br. (SA, Qld, NSW, Vic, Tas) * *'' Leucopogon esquamatus'' R.Br. (NSW, Vic, Tas) * *'' Leucopogon exolasius'' (F.Muell.) Benth. (NSW) * *'' Leucopogon extremus'' Hislop & Puente-Lel. (WA) *'' Leucopogon fasciculatus'' (

G.Forst. Johann George Adam Forster, also known as Georg Forster (, 27 November 1754 – 10 January 1794), was a German naturalist, ethnologist, travel writer, journalist and revolutionary. At an early age, he accompanied his father, Johann Reinhold F ...

) A.Rich. (New Zealand) *'' Leucopogon fimbriatus'' Stschegl. (WA) *'' Leucopogon flavescens'' Sond. (WA) * **''Leucopogon flavescens'' var. ''brevifolius'' Benth. (WA) * **''Leucopogon flavescens'' Sond. var. ''flavescens'' (WA) * *'' Leucopogon fletcheri''

Maiden Virginity is the state of a person who has never engaged in sexual intercourse. The term ''virgin'' originally only referred to sexually inexperienced women, but has evolved to encompass a range of definitions, as found in traditional, modern ...

Betche Daniel Ludwig Ernst Betche (31 December 1851, in Potsdam – 28 June 1913, in Sydney) was a German-Australian horticulturist and botanist. His mother died at his birth and he was of delicate constitution all his life. His father was sufficient ...

(NSW, ACT, Vic) * **''Leucopogon fletcheri'' subsp. ''brevisepalus'' J.M.Powell (NSW, ACT, Vic) * **''Leucopogon fletcheri'' Maiden & Betche subsp. ''fletcheri'' * *'' Leucopogon flexifolius'' R.Br. (Qld) * *'' Leucopogon florulentus'' Benth. (WA) *'' Leucopogon foliosus'' Hislop (WA) *''

Leucopogon fraseri ''Leucopogon fraseri'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is native to south-eastern continental Australia and New Zealand, where it is known as ''Styphelia nesophila'', pātōtara, or dwarf mingimingi. It is a pr ...

'' A.Cunn. (NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas, NZ) * *'' Leucopogon gelidus'' N.A.Wakef. (NSW, ACT, Vic) *'' Leucopogon gibbosus'' Stschegl. (WA) *'' Leucopogon gilbertii'' Stschegl. (WA) *'' Leucopogon glabellus'' R.Br. (WA) *'' Leucopogon glacialis'' Lindl. (SA, Vic) *'' Leucopogon glaucifolius'' W.Fitzg. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon gnaphalioides'' Stschegl. (WA) *'' Leucopogon gracilis'' R.Br. (WA) *'' Leucopogon gracillimus'' DC. (WA) *'' Leucopogon grammatus'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon grandiflorus'' Pedley (Qld) * *'' Leucopogon hamulosus'' E.Pritz. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon hirsutus'' Sond. (WA, SA) *'' Leucopogon hispidus'' E.Pritz. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon imbricatus'' R.Br. (Qld) * *'' Leucopogon incisus'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon inflexus'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon infuscatus'' Strid (WA) *'' Leucopogon insularis'' A.Cunn. ex DC. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon interruptus'' R.Br. (WA) *'' Leucopogon interstans'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon juniperinus'' R.Br. (Qld, NSW, Vic) * *'' Leucopogon lasiophyllus'' Stschegl. (WA) *'' Leucopogon lasiostachyus'' Stschegl. (WA) *'' Leucopogon lavarackii'' Pedley (Qld) * *'' Leucopogon leptanthus'' Benth. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon leptospermoides'' R.Br. (Qld, NSW) * *'' Leucopogon lloydiorum'' Strid (WA) *'' Leucopogon malayanus''

Jack Jack may refer to: Places * Jack, Alabama, US, an unincorporated community * Jack, Missouri, US, an unincorporated community * Jack County, Texas, a county in Texas, USA People and fictional characters * Jack (given name), a male given name, ...

(Qld, Cambodia, Malaya, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam) * **''Leucopogon malayanus'' subsp. ''malayanus'' * **''Leucopogon malayanus'' subsp. ''novoguineensis'' * *'' Leucopogon margarodes'' R.Br. (Qld, NSW) * *'' Leucopogon marginatus'' W.Fitzg. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon maritimus'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon melaleucoides'' A.Cunn. ex DC. (Qld, NSW) *'' Leucopogon microcarpus'' Hislop (WA) *''

Leucopogon microphyllus ''Leucopogon microphyllus'' is a small Australian plant in the family Ericaceae The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. T ...

'' ( Cav.) R.Br. (Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic) **''Leucopogon microphyllus'' (Cav.) R.Br. var. ''microphyllus'' **''Leucopogon microphyllus'' var. ''pilibundus'' (A.Cunn. ex DC.) Benth. *'' Leucopogon mitchellii'' Benth. (Qld) * *'' Leucopogon mollis'' E.Pritz. (WA) *'' Leucopogon multiflorus'' R.Br. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon muticus'' R.Br. (Qld, NSW) * *'' Leucopogon nanum'' M.I.Dawson & Heenan (NZ) * *'' Leucopogon navicularis'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon neoanglicus'' F.Muell. ex Benth. (Qld, NSW) * *'' Leucopogon neurophyllus'' F.Muell. (Vic) *'' Leucopogon newbeyi'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon nitidus'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon nutans'' E.Pritz. (WA) * *''

Leucopogon obovatus ''Leucopogon obovatus'' is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with hairy young branchlets, variably-shaped, simple leaves, and erect clusters of 3 ...

'' ( Labill.) R.Br. (WA) **''Leucopogon obovatus'' (Labill.) R.Br. subsp. ''obovatus '' **''Leucopogon obovatus'' subsp. ''revolutus'' (R.Br.) Hislop *'' Leucopogon obtectus'' Benth. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon obtusatus'' Sond. (WA) *'' Leucopogon oldfieldii'' Benth. (WA) *'' Leucopogon oliganthus'' E.Pritz. (WA) *'' Leucopogon opponens'' (F.Muell.) Benth. (WA) *'' Leucopogon oppositifolius'' Sond. (WA) *'' Leucopogon ovalifolius'' Sond. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon oxycedrus'' Sond. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon ozothamnoides'' Benth. (WA) *''

Leucopogon parviflorus ''Leucopogon parviflorus'', commonly known as coast beard-heath or native currant, is a shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae. It is native to all Australian states and territories excluding the Northern Territory and the ACT and also gr ...

'' ( Andrews) Lindl. (WA, SA, Qld, NSW, LHI, Vic, Tas, NZ) *'' Leucopogon pendulus'' R.Br. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon penicillatus'' Stschegl. (WA) *'' Leucopogon phyllostachys'' Benth. (WA) *'' Leucopogon pilifer'' N.A.Wakef. (NSW, Vic, Tas) *'' Leucopogon pimeleoides'' A.Cunn. ex DC. (Qld, NSW) *'' Leucopogon planifolius'' Sond. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon plumuliflorus'' (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. (WA) *'' Leucopogon pogonocalyx'' Benth. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon polymorphus'' Sond. (WA) *'' Leucopogon polystachyus'' R.Br. (WA) *'' Leucopogon prolatus'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon propinquus'' R.Br. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon psammophilus'' E.Pritz. (WA) *'' Leucopogon psilopus'' Stschegl. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon pubescens''

S.Moore Spencer Le Marchant Moore (1 November 1850 – 14 March 1931) was an English botanist. Biography Moore was born in Hampstead. He worked at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, from about 1870 to 1879, wrote a number of botanical papers, and then work ...

(WA) * *'' Leucopogon pulchellus'' Sond. (WA) *'' Leucopogon racemulosus'' DC. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon recurvisepalus''

C.T.White Cyril Tenison ("C.T.") White (17 August 1890 – 15 August 1950) was an Australian botanist. Early life White was born in Brisbane to Henry White, a trade broker, and Louisa ''nee'' Bailey. He attended school at South Brisbane State School, an ...

(Qld, NSW) * *'' Leucopogon reflexus'' R.Br. (WA) *''

Leucopogon remotus ''Leucopogon'' is a genus of about 150-160 species of shrubs or small trees in the family Ericaceae, in the section of that family formerly treated as the separate family Epacridaceae. They are native to Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, the ...

'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon rigidus'' A.Cunn. ex DC. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon riparius'' N.A.Wakef. (Vic) * *'' Leucopogon rodwayi'' Summerh. (NSW) *'' Leucopogon rotundifolius'' R.Br. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon rubricaulis'' R.Br. (WA) *'' Leucopogon rufus'' Lindl. (SA, NSW, Vic) * *'' Leucopogon rugulosus'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon rupicola'' C.T.White (Qld) * *'' Leucopogon ruscifolius'' R.Br. (Qld) * *'' Leucopogon setiger'' R.Br. (NSW) * *'' Leucopogon simulans'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon sonderensis''

J.H.Willis James Hamlyn Willis (28 January 1910 – 10 November 1995) was an Australian botanist. He described 64 new species of plants, and published more than 880 works including the landmark two-volume ''A Handbook to plants in Victoria'' between 1962 ...

(NT) * *'' Leucopogon spectabilis'' Hislop & A.R.Chapm. (WA) *'' Leucopogon sprengelioides'' Sond. (WA) *'' Leucopogon squarrosus'' Benth. (WA) **''Leucopogon squarrosus'' Benth. subsp. ''squarrosus'' (WA) **''Leucopogon squarrosus'' subsp. ''trigynus'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon stenophyllus'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon stokesii'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon striatus'' R.Br. (WA) *'' Leucopogon strictus'' Benth. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon strongylophyllus'' F.Muell. (WA) * *'' Leucopogon subsejunctus'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon tamariscinus'' R.Br. (WA) *'' Leucopogon tamminensis'' E.Pritz. (WA) * **''Leucopogon tamminensis'' var. ''australis'' E.Pritz. (WA) * **''Leucopogon tamminensis'' E.Pritz. var. ''tamminensis'' (WA) * *'' Leucopogon tenuicaulis'' J.M.Powell ex Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon tenuis'' DC. (WA) *'' Leucopogon tetragonus'' Sond. (WA) *'' Leucopogon thymifolius'' Lindl. ex Benth. (WA) *'' Leucopogon trichostylus'' J.M.Powell (Qld, NSW * *'' Leucopogon unilateralis'' Stschegl. (WA) *'' Leucopogon validus'' Hislop & A.R.Chapm. (WA) *'' Leucopogon verticillatus'' R.Br. (WA) *'' Leucopogon virgatus'' (Labill.) R.Br. (SA, Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas) **''Leucopogon virgatus'' var. ''brevifolius'' Benth. (SA, Vic, Tas) **''Leucopogon virgatus'' (Labill.) R.Br. var. ''virgatus'' (SA, ACT, Vic, Tas) *'' Leucopogon wheelerae'' Hislop (WA) *'' Leucopogon woodsii'' F.Muell. (WA, SA, Vic) * *'' Leucopogon yorkensis'' Pedley (Qld) *

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1936785 Ericaceae genera